ANALYSIS OF PETROLEUM POLLUTION ON SERUM TRACE ELEMENT LEVEL, OXIDATIVE STATUS, AND BIOCHEMICAL INDICES IN THE RESIDENTS OF AN OIL HOST COMMUNITY (UGBEGUNGUN) IN DELTA STATE, NIGERIA
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ABSTRACT
Activities of crude oil refining disrupt natural ecosystems which expose residents to environmental pollution, and consequently pose threat to their health and wellness. This study was aimed to analyze serum trace elements levels, oxidative status, and biochemical indices in the residents of an oil host community (Ugbegungun) in Delta State, Nigeria. A total of 100 subjects were recruited for this study which comprised 50 individuals from Ugbegungun and 50 individuals from Okada, a non-oil host community. Serum levels of lead (Pb), zinc (Zn), and cadmium (Cd) were evaluated using Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer. Alanine transaminase (ALT), aspartate transaminase (AST) and alkaline phosphate (ALP) activities, and urea and creatinine were all evaluated with a commercially available enzymatic kit. The oxidative and antioxidative activities in the serum were estimated using the semi-automated spectrophotometric procedure. Enzyme-linked immunoassay was used to assess tumor necrotic factor-alpha (TNF-α) and 8-hydroxy-2-deoxyguanosine (8-OHdG). The results showed that serum levels of Pb, Cd, urea, creatinine, ALT, AST, ALP, malondialdehyde, TNF-α, and 8- OHdG were significantly higher (p<0.05) in female and male residents of Ugbegungun when compared with the female and male residents of the non-oil host community. The activities of superoxide dismutase, catalase, glutathione reductase, and total antioxidant capacity were significantly lower (p<0.05) in both female and male residents of Ugbegungun when compared with the residents of non-oil host community. In conclusion, the residents of an oil host community in Nigeria may be at high risk of kidney and liver toxicity through oxidative stress induction associated probably with heavy metal accumulation in the system.
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